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IV. Epidemiology

AVMs are the most common cerebrovascular malformations. However, it is hard to assess their real incidence and prevalence as many are asymptomatic, and so are underestimated. Based on imaging tests, symptomatic AVM incidence ranges from 0.89 to 4 per 100,000 people/year [2, 5, 8, 10, 24, 38, 98]. Unfortunately it is impossible to estimate the real incidence of asymptomatic AVMs. Based on autopsy studies, the prevalence is rather discrepant, ranging from five to 513 per 100,000 people [14, 37, 61]. There is an increase in the diagnosis of incidental AVMs with the advances in neuroimaging.

AVMs typically present before the age of 40 (20-40 years), mean age being 33 years [20, 103]. There is a low prevalence in women, however without statistical significance [23].
Although AVMs are rare lesions and the bleedings due to AVMs correspond to only 2% of all cerebrovascular strokes [20], they represent the primary cause of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in young adults (16.7%), followed by aneurysms (15.5%) [10, 73].

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